Many classification or decsiion making algorithms output a set of scores, or weights for each potential outcome rather than a single classification or decision. A winner takes all strategy takes the highest scrore and uses that to make a single choice. This is a low risk stregtegy, but often means that systems do not sufficiently explore potential behaviours. Alternative strategies include using the scores to create a probability and then randomly make the final decision based on that.
Used on Chap. 22: page 547